COPD in Women

When to give double or triple therapy?

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary pusease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms due to airway (bronchitis/bronchiolitis) and/or alveolar abnormalities that cause a persistent, and often progressive, airflow obstruction. This condition is associated with a history of exposure to tobacco smoke, biomass combustion, and environmental pollution.
It is well established that there are significant differences between men and women in airway anatomy and physiology, which, in turn, affect the epidemiology, mortality, clinical features, and treatment outcomes between gender. Therefore, the aim of this article is to compile and analyze information on the recommendations for the management of COPD in women based on these differences.