Functional dyspepsia

From diagnosis to well-being, a path for women

Abstract

Functional Dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by epigastric pain or postprandial distress syndrome, in the absence of organic disease. It has a significant global prevalence, affecting women disproportionately, who also report higher rates of anxiety, depression, and a greater overlap with other functional disorders, leading to a poorer quality of life. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving impaired gastric motility, visceral hypersensitivity, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and psychosocial factors such as stress. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria (Rome IV), with upper endoscopy reserved for patients with alarm signs or in high-risk regions. Management focuses on Helicobacter pylori eradication (when present) and short-term use of proton pump inhibitors, avoiding non-evidence-based therapies. A comprehensive approach that considers the differential impact on women is required.